NOTE: Rectal and ostomy administrations are medical procedures that require a trained clinician who can evaluate the patient to be sure the procedure can be safely accomplished, be present for the self-administration, and be available for potential complications. Feeding tube administrations can often be performed by family or others familiar with using the patient’s feeding tube, but consultation for safety should first be obtained from the prescribing clinician. For further details, please see the documents below.


Data on Rectal vs All DDMAPh Deaths


Non-Oral Self-Administration of Aid-in-Dying Medications


Non-oral Aid in Dying and End-of-Life Doulas, 3-9-23